The general rule: structural, safety, and utility changes need permits#
Municipal building permits exist to enforce building codes and safety. Cosmetic updates (painting, flooring, fixture swaps) rarely require permits; structural, plumbing, and electrical modifications almost always do.
Who should pull the permit: contractor vs. homeowner#
In almost every scenario where you hire a contractor, the contractor must pull the permit under their business license. If a contractor asks you to pull an "owner-builder" permit, it is often a sign they lack liability insurance or valid licensing.
Quick permit assessment guide#
| Project Type | Permit Typically Required? | Key Trigger / Exception |
|---|---|---|
| Kitchen / bath fixture swap | No | If plumbing lines & electrical circuits remain in place |
| Moving kitchen / bath plumbing | Yes | Drain stack moves, new circuits, or removing walls |
| Finished basement with bedroom | Yes | Plumbing, electrical, insulation, and egress window size |
| Raised deck (> 24" high / attached) | Yes | Height above grade, ledger attachment, frost footings |
| Roof shingle replacement | No | Unless modifying structural trusses or roof line |